20
Pronouns by structure
Textbook: pp. 35–36
GoalDistinguish pronouns by structure: simple, compound, paired and repeated.
New words
simple pronoun · sodda olmoshcompound pronoun · qo‘shma olmoshpaired pronoun · juft olmoshrepeated pronoun · takroriy olmosh
Explanation
Pronouns can also be grouped by how many parts they are built from; four kinds are distinguished. A simple pronoun has one base, possibly with an affix added: men, kim, hamma, kimdir, allaqanday. A compound pronoun is built from two separate words: hech kim, har bir, mana shu, ana o‘sha. In a paired pronoun two different pronouns with close meanings stand side by side: sen-men, u-bu, siz-biz. A repeated pronoun is formed by saying one pronoun twice: shu-shu, kim-kim, nima-nima. Knowing which kind a pronoun belongs to helps to spell it correctly.
Worked examples
Kimdir is simple (one base + -dir); hech kim is compound (two words).
U-bu is a paired pronoun; shu-shu is a repeated pronoun.
Class activity
Card sorting: sort pronoun cards into four groups (simple, compound, paired, repeated).
Practice
1
Into how many kinds are pronouns divided by structure?
Four: simple, compound, paired and repeated.
2
What are “men”, “hamma”, “allakim” by structure?
Simple pronouns.
3
Name the kind of “har qanday”, “hech bir”, “mana bu”.
Compound pronouns.
4
Why is “kimdir” simple and not compound?
Because it has one base and the suffix -dir, with no second word.