Lessons 17–18 · 2 lessons · N. Mahmudov, A. Nurmonov, A. Sobirov, D. Nabiyeva, A. Mirzaahmedov. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 7, revised and expanded 4th edition. Ma’naviyat, Tashkent, 2017
17
Defining pronouns
Textbook: pp. 30–31
GoalKnow defining pronouns, how they are formed and how they are spelled.
New words
defining pronoun · belgilash olmoshito sum up, to show collectively · jamlab ko‘rsatmoqeach, every · harwhole · butun
Explanation
Defining pronouns give two kinds of meaning. The first is showing each member of a group separately: for this the word “har” comes with an interrogative pronoun or with the word “bir”: har kim (everyone), har nima (everything), har qachon (whenever, always), har qanday (any kind), har qaysi (each), har bir (every single). The second is showing a group as one whole: this meaning is given by hamma, barcha, bari, butun. For example: Har bir o‘yinchi to‘pni bir martadan tepdi (Each player kicked the ball once — one by one); Butun jamoa xursand bo‘ldi (The whole team was glad — as one whole). In a sentence these pronouns are subjects, attributes or objects. Pronouns with “har” consist of two words and are written separately.
Worked examples
Har bir o‘quvchi kitobxon bo‘lsin (May every pupil be a reader). — “har bir” singles one out of the group.
Hamma maktabga yig‘ildi (Everyone gathered at school); butun sinf jim edi (the whole class was silent). — they sum up the group.
Class activity
“Hamma or har kim?”: the teacher begins a sentence and you finish it with a suitable defining pronoun.
Practice
1
Which are defining pronouns?
Hamma, barcha, bari, butun, har kim, har nima, har qanday, har bir, har qaysi.
2
Form four defining pronouns with “har”.
Har kim, har nima, har qachon, har qanday.
3
What does “hamma” show in “Hamma bayramga tayyorlandi”?
It shows all persons collectively.
4
Why is “har kim” written separately?
Because it is made of two separate words, “har” and “kim”.