68
Interjections
Textbook: pp. 121–122
GoalGet to know interjections; know their kinds and punctuation.
New words
interjection · undov so‘zfeeling, excitement · his-hayajoncommand-address · buyruq-xitobexclamation mark · undov belgisi
Explanation
Interjections express a speaker's strong feeling or the wish to call someone, give an order or drive an animal. They belong neither to independent nor to auxiliary words: they name nothing, link no words and enter no grammatical relation with the words of the sentence. By meaning, interjections are divided into two groups: interjections of feeling (oh, voy, uf, attang) and interjections of command-address (hoy, ey, chu, tss). In writing, a comma is put after an interjection: Uf, charchadim! (Phew, I am tired!) But if the interjection stands right before a vocative, no comma is put between them: Ey do‘stim, kel! (Hey my friend, come!)
Worked examples
Oho, bu qanday ajoyib sovg‘a! (Oh, what a wonderful gift!) — an interjection of feeling.
Hoy, to‘xta! (Hey, stop!) — an interjection of command-address.
Class activity
“Interjection cards”: the teacher names a situation (joy, pain, calling); you say a suitable interjection.
Practice
1
What is an interjection?
A word expressing feeling, excitement, command-address, driving or calling.
2
Name the two groups of interjections.
Interjections of feeling and of command-address.
3
Place the comma: Voy qanday yaxshi kun!
Voy, qanday yaxshi kun!
4
Why is an interjection not a member of the sentence?
Because it is not grammatically linked to other words and only shows feeling.