24
Relation forms of nouns
Textbook: pp. 43–44
GoalUnderstand the concept of ismlar (nominals) and their change by relation forms.
New words
nominals (ot, sifat, son, olmosh) · ismlarpossession · egalikcase · kelishikto subordinate · tobelantirmoq
Explanation
A noun names a thing, an adjective a quality, a numeral a quantity, and a pronoun stands in place of these. That is why these four word classes are called by one common name — ismlar (nominals); in Uzbek linguistics this term has been used since old times. The common feature of nominals is that they take plural, possessive and case suffixes. Possessive and case suffixes link a nominal to another word in the sentence by making it dependent on that word. These suffixes can also be taken by the verbal noun and participle forms of the verb and by imitative words: o‘qishim (my reading), kelganlarga (to those who came).
Worked examples
Kitob, qizil, besh, men are ismlar: a case suffix can be added to all of them (kitobga, qizilga, beshga, menga).
The verb o‘qimoq is not an ism, but the verbal noun “o‘qish” takes a possessive suffix: o‘qishim (my reading).
Class activity
Fill in a table: place words from the room in columns for thing name, quality name, quantity name and pronoun.
Practice
1
Which word classes does the term “ismlar” unite?
Noun, adjective, numeral and pronoun.
2
To which can a case suffix be added: kitob, yaxshi, ikki, uchun?
Kitobga, yaxshiga (when nominalized), ikkiga; “uchun” is a postposition and takes none.
3
What forms are in “kitoblarim”?
The plural (-lar) and the possessive (-im).
4
Why do we unite noun, adjective, numeral and pronoun as ismlar?
Because they all change with possessive and case suffixes.