4
Review of suffixes and their spelling
Textbook: p. 8
GoalTell the three kinds of suffixes apart (word-forming, lexical-form-forming, syntactic-form-forming) and recall their spelling.
New words
suffix · qo‘shimchaword-forming · so‘z yasovchilexical form · lug‘aviy shaklsyntactic (relation) form · sintaktik shakl
Explanation
A suffix is added to the base of a word and forms a new word or a word form. Word-forming suffixes create a word with a new meaning: o‘qi (read) — o‘quvchi (pupil), tosh (stone) — toshloq (stony place), ilm (knowledge) — ilmiy (scientific). Lexical-form suffixes do not change the meaning but add plurality, smallness-affection or degree: kitob — kitoblar (books), gul — gulcha (little flower), katta — kattaroq (bigger). Syntactic-form suffixes (case, possessive, -man, -san etc.) link a word to other words in the sentence. Suffixes are written joined to the base.
Worked examples
ish (work) — ishchi (worker): the suffix -chi formed a new word.
daraxt (tree) — daraxtlar (lexical form), daraxtning (syntactic form).
Class activity
“Suffix workshop”: take one word (e.g. bola) and add three kinds of suffix in turn, naming each type.
Practice
1
Into how many kinds are suffixes divided? Name them.
Three: word-forming, lexical-form-forming, syntactic-form-forming.
2
Add -kor to “paxta” and name the suffix type.
Paxtakor (cotton grower) — a word-forming suffix.
3
Sort the suffixes in gullarga, qalamcha, ustozning by type.
-lar — lexical, -ga — syntactic; -cha — lexical; -ning — syntactic.
4
Why does “-lar” not form a new word?
Because it does not change the meaning of the word, it only shows plurality.