Comparing particles and particles of doubt and negation
Lessons 66–67 · 2 lessons · N. Mahmudov, A. Nurmonov, A. Sobirov, D. Nabiyeva, A. Mirzaahmedov. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 7, revised and expanded 4th edition. Ma’naviyat, Tashkent, 2017
66
Comparing particles
Textbook: p. 118
GoalKnow the comparing particles (xuddi, go‘yo, go‘yoki) and their two functions.
New words
comparing particle · o‘xshatish-qiyoslash yuklamasiexactly like · xuddias if · go‘yoas though · go‘yoki
Explanation
The particles xuddi, go‘yo, go‘yoki give the meaning of likening or comparing one thing to another, so they are called comparing particles. “Xuddi” shows exact likeness, while “go‘yo”, “go‘yoki” show a state that is not real but only seems so: Ukam xuddi otamga o‘xshaydi (My brother looks just like my father); Daraxtlar go‘yo bizga qo‘l silkitardi (The trees seemed to wave to us). They often come together with the suffix -day (-dek) or the postposition kabi and strengthen the comparison. These words also act as subordinating conjunctions, joining a subordinate clause to the main clause: Shunday quvondiki, go‘yo bayram kelgan edi (He was as glad as if a holiday had come).
Worked examples
Xuddi onasiga o‘xshaydi (He looks exactly like his mother) — xuddi: exact likeness.
Go‘yo yulduzlar yerga tushganday (as if stars had fallen to earth) — go‘yo: an imagined comparison.
Class activity
My comparisons: make four comparisons with “xuddi” or “go‘yo” (Xuddi quyosh kabi iliq).
Practice
1
List the comparing particles.
Xuddi, go‘yo, go‘yoki.
2
Complete: U xuddi ... kabi chaqqon.
E.g. U xuddi olmaxon kabi chaqqon (He is as nimble as a squirrel).
3
In which sentence does “go‘yo” act as a conjunction?
U shunday jim ediki, go‘yo hech kim yo‘qdek. (it links the subordinate clause)
4
Why are xuddi, go‘yo counted as particles?
Because they add the meaning of comparison to a word or sentence.