Lessons 42–44 · 3 lessons · N. Mahmudov, A. Nurmonov, A. Sobirov, D. Nabiyeva, A. Mirzaahmedov. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 7, revised and expanded 4th edition. Ma’naviyat, Tashkent, 2017
42
Functional postpositions
Textbook: p. 79
GoalKnow functional postpositions and from which word classes they come.
New words
functional postposition · vazifadosh ko‘makchiunder, on, front · ost, ust, oldafter, before · keyin, oldinalong, looking toward · bo‘ylab, qarab
Explanation
Some independent words begin to be used in a sentence in the place of a postposition; they are called functional postpositions. They come from three word classes: from nouns (ost, ust, yon, old, orqa, qosh), from adverbs (oldin, avval, keyin, so‘ng, tomon) and from verbs (bo‘ylab, qarab, ko‘ra, deya, deb, atab). When used as a postposition, such a word is not used in its full naming meaning and does not answer a separate question: it joins the preceding word and answers one question together with it. For example, in “Ko‘prik ostidan suv oqadi” (Water flows under the bridge) the phrase “ko‘prik ostidan” answers qayerdan? (from where?) as a whole.
Worked examples
Daraxt ostida o‘tirdik (We sat under the tree) — “ost” was a noun, now a functional postposition.
Darsdan keyin uyga bordik (After class we went home) — “keyin” is a postposition from an adverb.
Class activity
“From which class?”: sort the functional postpositions on cards into noun, adverb and verb columns.
Practice
1
From which word classes do functional postpositions come?
From nouns, adverbs and verbs.
2
Write three functional postpositions from nouns.
Ost, yon, ust (old, orqa, qosh).
3
From which class is “bo‘ylab” in “Daryo bo‘ylab yurdik”?
From a verb.
4
Why does “ust” not answer a separate question when used as a postposition?
Because it has lost its own meaning and only links the word.