Lessons 19–21 · 3 lessons · N. Mahmudov, A. Nurmonov, A. Sobirov, D. Nabiyeva, A. Mirzaahmedov. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 7, revised and expanded 4th edition. Ma’naviyat, Tashkent, 2017
19
Negative pronouns
Textbook: p. 34
GoalKnow negative pronouns, how they are formed and how they are spelled.
New words
negative pronoun · bo‘lishsizlik olmoshinone, never, not any · hechnegation · inkorpredicate · kesim
Explanation
Negative pronouns show that a person, thing, quality, time or amount does not exist at all. They are formed by putting the word “hech” before an interrogative pronoun or the words bir, narsa, nima: hech kim (nobody), hech narsa, hech nima (nothing), hech qachon (never), hech qanday (no kind of), hech qancha (no amount), hech bir (not a single). Since both parts are separate words, they are written separately. In a sentence with such a pronoun the predicate is usually negative: Hech kim javob bermadi (Nobody answered). The case suffix is added to the second part: hech kimga (to nobody), hech narsani (nothing, accusative), hech nimadan (from nothing). In a sentence these pronouns are subjects, objects or attributes.
Worked examples
Bugun hech kim kechikmadi (Nobody was late today). — “hech kim” is the subject, the predicate is negative.
Men bu haqda hech kimga aytmadim (I told nobody about this). — the case suffix is on the last part.
Class activity
“No, nobody!”: the teacher asks questions (Who was late? What got lost?) and you answer with negative pronouns.
Practice
1
How are negative pronouns formed?
The word “hech” is put before interrogative pronouns or the words bir, narsa, nima.
2
Add -ga and -dan to “hech kim”.
Hech kimga, hech kimdan.
3
Find the pronoun in “Hech qachon yolg‘on gapirma”.
“Hech qachon” — a negative pronoun (time sense).
4
Why do we say “hech kim kelmadi” and not “hech kim keldi”?
Because in a sentence with a negative pronoun the predicate is in the negative form.