5
Review of lexicology
Textbook: p. 9
GoalReview lexicology: polysemous words, figurative meaning, terms, dialect words, outdated words and loanwords.
New words
figurative meaning · ko‘chma ma’noterm · atamadialect · shevaoutdated word · eskirgan so‘z
Explanation
Lexicology studies the meaning and use of words. A polysemous word has several meanings; the main meaning is the direct meaning, and when a word is used by likening one thing to another it has a figurative meaning: “tosh ko‘prik” (a stone bridge) is direct, “tosh yurak” (a heart of stone) is figurative. Terms name concepts of a science or trade exactly: ildiz (root), kvadrat (square), burchak (angle). Dialect words are used in a certain region. Words no longer used in modern life are called outdated words. Words that came from other languages are loanwords.
Worked examples
“Tilla qo‘l” (golden hand) means a skilful hand: “tilla” is used figuratively.
Kompyuter (computer) and avtobus (bus) are loanwords.
Class activity
In pairs: one pupil uses a word in its direct sense, the other in its figurative sense in a sentence (e.g. oltin).
Practice
1
What are direct and figurative meaning?
Direct meaning is the main meaning of a word; figurative meaning is a meaning used by likening it to something else.
2
In which sense is “shirin” used in “shirin so‘z” (sweet word)?
Figuratively: pleasant, kind.
3
Name two terms each from mathematics and geography.
E.g. burchak (angle), tenglama (equation); daryo (river), iqlim (climate).
4
Why must terms have an exact meaning?
Because in science each term names one exact concept so that ideas are not mixed up.