40
Postpositions
Textbook: pp. 75–76
GoalUnderstand the postposition: its function and use.
New words
postposition · ko‘makchihead word · hokim so‘zwith, and · bilanfor · uchun
Explanation
A postposition is an auxiliary word that stands after a noun, pronoun, verbal noun or participle and links that word to the head word of the sentence as a dependent. Bilan, uchun, kabi, singari, orqali, sayin and others are postpositions: akam bilan (with my brother), Vatan uchun (for the homeland), chaqmoq kabi (like lightning). A postposition adds meanings such as togetherness, purpose, likeness or reason to the word before it. The postposition itself is not a sentence member; together with the preceding word it forms one member — an object or an adverbial. Postpositions are divided into pure and functional ones.
Worked examples
Opam bilan bozorga bordim (I went to the market with my sister) — “opam bilan”: with whom?
Ilm uchun mehnat qil (Work for knowledge) — “ilm uchun”: purpose.
Class activity
“Postposition search”: find bilan, uchun, kabi in a text and say which word each links to.
Practice
1
What is a postposition?
An auxiliary word after a noun, pronoun, verbal noun or participle that links it to the head word.
2
Write three postpositions and make a phrase with each.
E.g. o‘rtog‘im bilan, sog‘lig‘ing uchun, tog‘ kabi.
3
Pick out the postposition phrase in “Mehnat tufayli g‘olib bo‘ldi”.
Mehnat tufayli.
4
Why is a postposition not a member of the sentence by itself?
Because it answers no question, it only links another word.