Lessons 24–26 · 3 lessons · N. Mahmudov, A. Nurmonov, A. Sobirov, D. Nabiyeva, A. Mirzaahmedov. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 7, revised and expanded 4th edition. Ma’naviyat, Tashkent, 2017
25
Lexical and relation forms of nouns
Textbook: pp. 45–47
GoalDistinguish the lexical and relation forms of nominals.
New words
lexical form · lug‘aviy shaklrelation form · munosabat shaklicopula (linking element) · bog‘lamadegree · daraja
Explanation
The forms added to a nominal fall into two groups. Lexical forms add extra meaning to the word itself — plurality, diminutive-affection, comparison or degree of quality: daraxt — daraxtlar (trees), qo‘zi — qo‘zichoq (little lamb), shirin — shirinroq (sweeter). They do not link the word to another word. Relation forms, by contrast, link a nominal with other words in the sentence and turn it into a sentence member. They include three groups: possessive forms, case forms, and the suffixes -man, -san, -miz, -siz, -dir together with the words bo‘lmoq, sanalmoq, hisoblanmoq, which make a nominal a predicate and match it with the subject. The means in the third group are also called copulas (bog‘lamalar).
Worked examples
In “Kitoblarimni oldim” (I took my books): -lar is a lexical form; -im and -ni are relation forms.
In “Biz o‘quvchimiz” (We are pupils): -miz makes the noun a predicate and agrees it with the subject.
Class activity
Two columns: “lexical” and “relation”. Place the suffixes on the cards (-lar, -cha, -ning, -im, -roq, -ga, -san) in the right column.
Practice
1
What does the lexical form express? Give an example.