26
Possessive forms and their spelling
Textbook: pp. 48–49
GoalKnow possessive forms and their spelling.
New words
possessive suffix · egalik qo‘shimchasibelonging · qarashlilikvowel · unliconsonant · undosh
Explanation
Possessive suffixes show whom a thing, quality or action belongs to — the 1st, 2nd or 3rd person. They are added to nouns and nominalized words. If a word ends in a vowel, -m, -ng, -si, -miz, -ngiz are added: bola+m (my child), bola+ng, bola+si; if it ends in a consonant, -im, -ing, -i, -imiz, -ingiz: bog‘+im (my garden), bog‘+ing, bog‘+i. In the 3rd person plural -lari is used: bog‘lari. In names of regions, cities, districts and enterprises the 3rd person suffix does not show possession but which thing the name belongs to: Navoiy viloyati (Navoi region); here the first word takes no -ning.
Worked examples
Ona+m — onam (my mother), ona+si — onasi; yurt+im — yurtim (my land), yurt+i — yurti.
Samarqand viloyati, Do‘stlik tumani express particularity; one does not say “Samarqandning viloyati”.
Class activity
“Possessive chain”: take one word (maktab, bog‘) and change it in all 6 persons and numbers, using it in sentences.
Practice
1
Inflect “kitob” with possessive suffixes in singular and plural.
Kitobim, kitobing, kitobi; kitobimiz, kitobingiz, kitoblari.
2
Add first and second person singular suffixes to the vowel-ending word “ona”.
Onam, onang.
3
What does -i show in “Orol dengizi”?
Particularity; one does not say “Orolning dengizi”.
4
Why do -i and -si in “kechasi”, “kunduzi” not express possession?
Because they have fused with the word and lost their function.