10
Using homonyms and antonyms in a text
Textbook: pp. 15–16
GoalIdentify the function of homonyms and antonyms in a text.
New words
homonym · shakldosh so‘zantonym · qarama-qarshi ma’noli so‘ztuyuq (a poem form built on homonyms) · tuyuqaskiya (witty contest of retorts) · askiya
Explanation
Words with the same form but different meanings are called homonyms. For example, “yosh” means age in years and also a tear from the eye; “ot” means a horse, a name and the command form of the verb “otmoq” (to throw). The meaning of a homonym becomes clear in the sentence. Words whose meanings are opposite are antonyms: issiq — sovuq (hot — cold), kelmoq — ketmoq (to come — to go). Homonyms are used for wordplay in tuyuq, askiya and riddles, while antonyms make a thought clear and striking.
Worked examples
I saw a tear in my mother's eye. — My brother is twelve years old. (“yosh” is a homonym.)
The day is hot, the evening cold: “issiq” and “sovuq” are antonyms.
Class activity
“Two-meaning word”: in groups, make two sentences with different meanings for words like “ot”, “yosh”, “o‘t”.
Practice
1
What are homonyms?
Words with the same form but different meanings.
2
Find antonyms for “keng”, “og‘ir”, “yangi”.
Tor (narrow), yengil (light), eski (old).
3
Show three meanings of “ot” with sentences.
The horse galloped. My name is Sardor. Throw the stone far.
4
Why can the meaning of a homonym not be determined without a sentence?
Because the form is the same, so only the connection within the sentence shows which meaning is meant.