65
Intensifying-emphasizing particles
Textbook: pp. 116–117
GoalKnow the intensifying-emphasizing particles and their spelling.
New words
intensifying-emphasizing particle · kuchaytiruv-ta’kid yuklamasieven · hattocan it be that · nahotkiemphatic suffix · -oq (-yoq)
Explanation
Intensifying-emphasizing particles strengthen the meaning of a sentence member or of the whole sentence and give it special stress. This group includes the words hatto, nahotki, ham, axir, g‘irt and the suffix-particles -ku, -u (-yu), -da, -oq (-yoq). For example: Hatto qishda ham suzadi (He swims even in winter); Nahotki unutding? (Can you really have forgotten?); Men aytgandim-ku! (But I did tell you!); Ertalaboq yo‘lga chiqdik (We set off first thing in the morning). In spelling, -ku, -u (-yu), -da are separated from the word by a hyphen, while -oq (-yoq) is written joined: darhol+oq — darholoq (at once), boshida+yoq — boshidayoq.
Worked examples
Hatto ustoz ham hayron qoldi (Even the teacher was surprised) — “hatto” and “ham” emphasize.
Aytgan edim-ku! (I did tell you!) Hozirdayoq boraman (I'll go this very minute) — -ku with a hyphen; -oq joined.
Class activity
“Say it with emphasis”: recast a plain sentence (U keldi.) stronger using particles.
Practice
1
Give examples of intensifying-emphasizing particles.
Hatto, nahotki, ham, g‘irt, -ku, -da, -oq.
2
Add the particle -oq to “bugun”.
Bugunoq.
3
What does -ku show in “Bu yerda hech kim yo‘q-ku”?
Emphasis, that is the speaker's certainty.
4
Why is -oq joined and -ku hyphenated?
This is the spelling rule: -oq (-yoq) is joined, -ku, -u (-yu), -da are hyphenated.