57
Conjunctions of reason
Textbook: pp. 104–105
GoalKnow the conjunctions of reason (chunki, negaki) and their punctuation.
New words
conjunction of reason · sabab bog‘lovchisibecause · chunkibecause (literary) · negakireason · sabab
Explanation
Chunki and negaki are conjunctions of reason. They link a clause of reason to the main clause: Bog‘da ishlay olmadik, chunki yomg‘ir yog‘ayotgan edi (We could not work in the garden because it was raining). In the sentence first the result, then the reason, is told. A comma is put before conjunctions of reason. “Chunki” must not be confused with “shuning uchun”: “shuning uchun” introduces the result, “chunki” the reason. Negaki is a conjunction more common in literary style, synonymous with “chunki”.
Worked examples
U g‘olib bo‘ldi, chunki ko‘p mashq qildi (He won because he practised a lot) — reason: he practised a lot.
Ko‘p mashq qildi, shuning uchun g‘olib bo‘ldi (He practised a lot, so he won) — “shuning uchun” shows the result.
Class activity
“Chunki or shuning uchun?”: the teacher says a reason and a result separately and you combine them in two ways.
Practice
1
Which are the conjunctions of reason?
Chunki, negaki.
2
Place the comma: Men tez ketdim chunki kechikayotgan edim.
Men tez ketdim, chunki kechikayotgan edim.
3
Separate reason and result in “Charchadim, chunki ko‘p yugurdim”.
Result — charchadim; reason — ko‘p yugurdim.
4
Why does “chunki” come after the result and before the reason?
Because it introduces the clause of reason.