Lessons 42–44 · 3 lessons · N. Mahmudov, A. Nurmonov, A. Sobirov, D. Nabiyeva, A. Mirzaahmedov. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 7, revised and expanded 4th edition. Ma’naviyat, Tashkent, 2017
43
Meaning types of postpositions
Textbook: pp. 80–81
GoalKnow the meaning types of postpositions (reason, purpose, direction, topic, comparison, limit).
New words
reason · sababdirection · yo‘nalishtopic · mavzulimit · chegara
Explanation
A postposition adds a certain meaning to the word before it, and postpositions can be grouped by this meaning. Reason is given by sababli, tufayli: shamol tufayli (because of the wind). “Uchun” shows either reason or purpose, depending on the sentence: bayram uchun tayyorlandik (we got ready for the holiday). Direction is shown by tomon, qarab, sari, bo‘ylab: maktab tomon (toward the school). Topic is shown by haqida, to‘g‘risida: sayohat haqida (about the trip). Likeness-comparison is expressed by kabi, singari, and limit by qadar: tong qadar (until dawn). The exact meaning of a postposition is clear from the content of the sentence.
Worked examples
Dars uchun tayyorlandim (I prepared for the lesson) — purpose; yomg‘ir tufayli qoldik (we stayed because of the rain) — reason.
Qush kabi uchdi (flew like a bird) — comparison; kechqurun qadar ishladi (worked until evening) — limit.
Class activity
Meaning cards: group postposition phrases (kitob haqida, shahar tomon, bahor kabi, tong qadar) by meaning type.
Practice
1
What meanings do “tufayli” and “haqida” give?
Tufayli — reason, haqida — topic.
2
List the postpositions that give the sense of direction.
Tomon, qarab, sari, bo‘ylab.
3
What meaning does “singari” give in “Opam singari mehribon”?
Comparison.
4
Why does the postposition “uchun” give two meanings?
Because depending on the sentence it can be reason (didn't come because of illness) or purpose (came in order to study).