38
Consolidation (cases)
Textbook: p. 71
GoalConsolidate knowledge of the case forms and their functions.
New words
declension · turlanishobject · to‘ldiruvchiadverbial · holpredicate · kesim
Explanation
Let us recall the six cases and their questions: nominative — kim?, nima?, qayer?; genitive — kimning?, nimaning?; accusative — kimni?, nimani?; dative — kimga?, nimaga?, qayerga?; locative — kimda?, nimada?, qayerda?; ablative — kimdan?, nimadan?, qayerdan? The nominative is subject, nominal predicate or vocative. The accusative is always an object. The dative, locative and ablative are adverbials of place, time or reason, and with nouns for persons and things they are objects. A case-marked word is always a dependent word and links to a head word.
Worked examples
Ona bog‘dan gul uzdi (Mother picked a flower from the garden) — “bog‘dan”: place; “gul”: nominative (nima?).
Akamning kitobini ukamga berdim (I gave my brother's book to my younger brother): akamning — genitive, kitobini — accusative, ukamga — dative.
Class activity
Case relay: each pupil takes one word from a sentence, names its case and question and passes it on.
Practice
1
Which case is always an object?
The accusative.
2
Name the case-marked words in “Bolalar bog‘ga bordilar”.
Bog‘ga — dative; bolalar — nominative.
3
Analyse “daryodan” and “suv” in “Daryodan suv oldim”.
Daryodan — ablative (qayerdan?), adverbial of place; suv — a nominative-form object (-ni dropped).
4
Why are case forms added only to the dependent word?
Because their task is to link the dependent word to the head word.