34
The dative (direction) case
Textbook: p. 64
GoalKnow the dative (direction) case and its meanings.
New words
dative case · jo‘nalish kelishigiadverbial of place · o‘rin holiadverbial of time · payt holidative suffix variants · -ga, -ka, -qa
Explanation
The dative suffix is -ga (-ka after k, -qa after q). Added to place nouns it answers qayerga? (to where?) and is an adverbial of place: maktabga bordim (I went to school). Added to time nouns it answers qachon? (when?) and is an adverbial of time: ertaga (tomorrow), soat beshga (at five o‘clock). Added to nouns for persons and things it answers kimga?, nimaga? and is an object: do‘stimga yozdim (I wrote to my friend). Added to demonstrative pronouns it takes the inserted n: bunga, shunga.
Worked examples
Bog‘ga bordik (qayerga? — place); kechqurunga qoldirdik (we left it till evening: qachon? — time).
Singlimga kitob berdim (I gave my sister a book: kimga? — object); terakka qushlar qo‘ndi (birds landed on the poplar: -ka after k).
Class activity
“Where to? To whom? When?”: the teacher says a sentence and you name the question and function of the dative word.
Practice
1
What variants does the dative suffix have?
-ga, -ka, -qa.
2
Add the dative to “tovuq” and “chiroq”.
Tovuqqa, chiroqqa.
3
Name the function of the case-marked words in “Ertaga maktabga boramiz”.
Ertaga — adverbial of time; maktabga — adverbial of place.
4
Why is bu + ga “bunga”, not “buga”?
Because the sound n is inserted when a case suffix is added to a demonstrative pronoun.