12
Demonstrative pronouns
Textbook: pp. 20–21
GoalIdentify demonstrative pronouns and know their function in a sentence.
New words
demonstrative pronoun · ko‘rsatish olmoshinear · yaqinfar · uzoqto define, modify · aniqlamoq
Explanation
Demonstrative pronouns point to a thing, a person or an idea said earlier, as if pointing with a finger. They can take the place of a word, a phrase or a previous sentence, or stand before a noun and define it. This kind includes words such as bu, shu, u, o‘sha, ana, mana. “Bu” and “shu” point to something nearer the speaker; “u” and “o‘sha” to something farther away or mentioned before. When defining a noun, the pronoun always stands before it: shu ko‘cha (this street), o‘sha bog‘ (that garden). When standing in place of a noun, it is a subject or an object: Buni sen yozdingmi? (Did you write this?)
Worked examples
Bu kitob is for me; o‘sha kitob is in the library. (“Bu” and “o‘sha” act as attributes.)
Mana shu is my desk. Anovi is my brother's. (The pronouns show near and far.)
Class activity
“Point and say”: point to things in the classroom and make sentences with bu / shu / u / o‘sha.
Practice
1
Which are demonstrative pronouns?
Bu, shu, u, o‘sha, ana, mana (and their combinations).
2
What function does “bu” have in “Bu kitob qiziq”?
Attribute — it defines the word “kitob”.
3
Continue “Men o‘sha kuni...” — what does “o‘sha” show?
It points to a day that is distant or mentioned earlier.
4
Why do “bu” and “u” differ in meaning?
Because “bu” points to something near and “u” to something far.