79
Review of auxiliary, interjection, imitative and modal words
Textbook: pp. 139–140
GoalReview auxiliary words, interjections, imitative and modal words.
New words
postposition · ko‘makchiconjunction · bog‘lovchiparticle · yuklamainterjection · undov
Explanation
Postpositions link words and show the relation between them; they are pure and functional. Conjunctions join words and sentences; they too are pure and functional, and by function they are divided into coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Particles add extra meaning to a word or sentence and by form are divided into word-particles and suffix-particles, by function into pure and functional particles. Interjections express emotion and command-call. Imitative words imitate sound and state, and modal words express the speaker's attitude.
Worked examples
Maktab bilan bog‘liq voqea, lekin hech kim bilmaydi-ku (An event connected with school, but no one knows it, you see) — postposition, conjunction, particle.
Voy, shamol gup-gup esdi, shekilli! (Oh, the wind blew in gusts, it seems!) — interjection, imitative, modal.
Class activity
Chain review: one pupil names an auxiliary word; the next gives its type and a sentence.
Practice
1
Into which two kinds are particles divided by form?
Word-particles and suffix-particles.
2
Into what kinds are conjunctions divided by function?
Coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.
3
Find the modal word in “Afsuski, u kelmadi” and say its kind.
Afsuski — a pure modal word expressing regret.
4
Why are auxiliary words not independent words?
Because they have no independent meaning; they only link or add shades of meaning.