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Consolidation (auxiliary words)
Textbook: p. 136
GoalReinforce knowledge of auxiliary, exclamatory, imitative and modal words.
New words
auxiliary word · yordamchi so‘zreinforcement · mustahkamlashinterjection · undovmodal · modal
Explanation
Postpositions, conjunctions and particles are auxiliary words. They do not express an independent meaning; they serve to link words and sentences or to enrich meaning with an extra shade. Exclamatory words express emotion and command-call. Imitative words imitate sound and state. Modal words express the speaker's attitude, and affirmation and negation words answer a question. Reading a sentence, we decide a word's class from its meaning and function.
Worked examples
Voy, daftar-ku qolib ketibdi! (Oh no, the notebook has been left behind!) — interjection, particle.
Aftidan, yomg‘ir shivir-shivir yog‘adi, lekin biz boramiz (Apparently, rain will drizzle, but we will go) — modal, imitative, conjunction.
Class activity
Class finder: quickly say which group (auxiliary, exclamatory, imitative, modal) a card word belongs to.
Practice
1
Name the three kinds of auxiliary words.
Postposition, conjunction, particle.
2
Into how many kinds are imitative words divided?
Two: sound-imitating and state-imitating.
3
Find the modal word and the particle in “Albatta, men ham boraman”.
Albatta — modal word; ham — particle.
4
Why must we not confuse an interjection with a modal word?
Because an interjection expresses emotion or command, while a modal word expresses attitude to the thought.