60
Consolidation (conjunctions)
Textbook: p. 108
GoalConsolidate the conjunction topic: summarize kinds, meanings and punctuation.
New words
coordinating conjunction · teng bog‘lovchisubordinating conjunction · ergashtiruvchi bog‘lovchisingle · yakkarepeated · takror
Explanation
Conjunctions link homogeneous parts and the simple sentences in a compound sentence. By function they are coordinating (connective: va, hamda; disjunctive: yo, goh ... goh; adversative: ammo, lekin, biroq, balki; negative: na ... na) and subordinating (reason: chunki, negaki; clarifying: ya’ni; conditional: agar, agarda, basharti). There are also pure (va, lekin) and functional (bilan, ham, -u, -da) as well as single and repeated kinds. Spelling and punctuation: a comma is put before adversative, repeated disjunctive, reason and clarifying conjunctions; -u, -yu, -da are written with a hyphen.
Worked examples
Men keldim, lekin u yo‘q edi, chunki ishga ketgan ekan (I came but he was not there because he had gone to work) — lekin (adversative), chunki (reason).
Yo kuylaymiz, yo raqsga tushamiz, agar ruxsat bo‘lsa (We will either sing or dance if permitted) — yo ... yo (disjunctive), agar (conditional).
Class activity
Conjunction lotto: match conjunction cards to the cards naming their kind.
Practice
1
List the four kinds of coordinating conjunctions.
Connective, disjunctive, adversative, negative.
2
Before which conjunctions is a comma put?
Before adversative, repeated disjunctive, reason (chunki) and clarifying (ya’ni) conjunctions.
3
Analyse: Yomg‘ir yog‘di, biroq biz sayrga chiqdik.
Biroq — a coordinating, adversative conjunction; links two simple sentences; a comma before it.
4
Why is knowing conjunctions important in writing?
Because they connect thoughts and help to put the right punctuation.