52
Disjunctive conjunctions
Textbook: pp. 94–96
GoalKnow disjunctive conjunctions, their meaning and punctuation.
New words
disjunctive conjunction · ayiruv bog‘lovchisior · yokinow ... now · goh ... gohrepeated · takror
Explanation
Disjunctive conjunctions set one of the linked parts apart from the other. They give two kinds of meaning. The first is choice: only one of the parts happens (yo, yoki, yo ... yo): Yo bugun boramiz, yo ertaga (Either we go today or tomorrow). The second is alternation: actions or states take turns (goh ... goh, dam ... dam, ba’zan ... ba’zan, bir ... bir): Dam shamol esadi, dam tinchiydi (Now the wind blows, now it calms down). A comma is put before the second part of a repeated disjunctive conjunction. But no comma is put between homogeneous members joined by a single “yoki”: qalam yoki ruchka (a pencil or a pen).
Worked examples
Choy yoki kofe ichasizmi? (Tea or coffee will you have? — choice); Dam kuladi, dam xafa bo‘ladi (Now he laughs, now he is upset — alternation).
Goh issiq, goh sovuq (now hot, now cold) — a comma before the repeated disjunctive conjunction.
Class activity
“Choose or alternate”: groups make two sentences with “yo ... yo”, “goh ... goh” and place the comma correctly.
Practice
1
Give examples of disjunctive conjunctions.
Yo, yoki, yo ... yo, goh ... goh, dam ... dam.
2
Which conjunction and what meaning in “Yo uyda qolaman, yo kutubxonaga boraman”?
Yo ... yo — a disjunctive conjunction of choice.
3
Place the comma: U goh kuladi goh o‘ylanib qoladi.
U goh kuladi, goh o‘ylanib qoladi.
4
Why is a comma put before a repeated disjunctive conjunction?
Because parts introduced by the repeated conjunction are set apart from each other.