☰ Contents · Uzbek language

Enrichment of vocabulary, native and borrowed, historical words

Lessons 68–71 · 4 lessons · N. Mahmudov, A. Sobirov, Sh. Sattorov, Sh. Toshmirzayeva, D. Mannopova. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 5 (fully revised 5th edition). G‘afur G‘ulom Publishing House, Tashkent, 2020
69

Sources of enrichment of Uzbek vocabulary. Native and borrowed words

Textbook: pp. 122–123
GoalDistinguish the sources of language enrichment (internal and external) and the native and borrowed layers.
New words
internal resource · ichki imkoniyatexternal resource · tashqi imkoniyatnative layer · o‘z qatlamborrowed layer · o‘zlashma qatlam
Explanation

A language keeps growing, and this happens in two ways. 1. Internal resources: the language uses its own wealth — a dialect word enters the literary language, a new word is formed from existing words and suffixes (o‘yingoh — stadium, tezyurar — high-speed), or an old word gets a new meaning (tarmoq — branch, now also the internet network). 2. External resources: words are taken from other languages; such words are called borrowed words (printer, onlayn, futbol). Accordingly, the words of our language fall into two layers: the native layer — Turkic and Uzbek words used since ancient times (ko‘z, yer, men, o‘ttiz); the borrowed layer — words that came from Arabic, Persian and European languages (kitob, daraxt, avtobus, televizor).

Worked examples
Qo‘l, tog‘, olma — native layer. Kitob, maktab (Arabic), bahor, shahar (Persian), kompyuter, stadion (European) — borrowed layer.
«Tarmoq» — first a branch of a tree or river, now also the internet network: the word got a new meaning — an internal resource.
Class activity

Draw three columns: native, Arabic-Persian, European. Place the names of classroom things (qalam, parta, doska, kompyuter, daftar...) in the right column.

Practice
1
In which two ways does a language grow?
2
What is a borrowed word?
3
Write three words of the native layer.
4
Write two words borrowed from European languages.