23
Consolidation
Textbook: p. 45
GoalReview and consolidate what was learned in phonetics (language, sounds, sound changes, syllable).
New words
phonetic phenomenon · fonetik hodisaaddition of a sound · tovush ortishiloss of a sound · tovush tushishisyllable · bo‘g‘in
Explanation
Let us review. Because language is a tool of communication between people, it is a social phenomenon. Linguistics is divided into phonetics, graphics, orthography, orthoepy, lexicology, morphology, syntax and punctuation. Speech sounds are vowels (6) and consonants (24); their main function is to distinguish word meanings. There are three phonetic phenomena: addition of a sound (bunga), loss of a sound (shahrim) and replacement of a sound (yuragi). A syllable is pronounced with one pulse of air and is built on a vowel; it is open or closed.
Worked examples
Addition: bu + -da = bunda. Loss: burun + -im = burnim. Replacement: tilak + -i = tilagi.
«Bolalar» (children) — bo-la-lar: 3 syllables (open, open, closed).
Class activity
The “Chain” game: the class splits into two groups; one writes words with sound changes, the other writes words divided into syllables, in turns.
Practice
1
How many vowel and consonant sounds are there?
Six vowels and 24 consonants.
2
Identify the phenomenon: bu + -ga = bunga; ikki + -ov = ikkov; yurak + -i = yuragi.
Bunga — addition; ikkov — loss; yuragi — replacement.
3
Divide into syllables and name their kinds: o‘quvchi, daftar.
O‘-quv-chi (open, closed, open); daf-tar (closed, closed).
4
Why does knowing sound changes help with correct writing? Explain.
Because if we know which change is shown in writing and which only in speech, we write words correctly.