52
Spelling of stems and suffixes
Textbook: pp. 99–100
GoalReflect correctly in writing the sound changes that occur in stems and suffixes when a suffix is added.
New words
stem · asossuffix · qo‘shimchacomb · taroqpupil · o‘quvchi
Explanation
When a suffix is added to a stem, a vowel in the stem sometimes changes, and this is shown in writing. When -v, -q, -qi, -vchi are added to a verb ending in a, o is written instead of a: tara — taroq (comb), to‘la — to‘lov (payment), saqla — saqlovchi (keeper), yasha — yashovchi (resident). In some verbs ending in i, the i turns into u: o‘qi — o‘quvchi (pupil), qazi — qazuvchi (digger). Suffixes beginning with g are written with g, k or q depending on the previous sound: kelgan, ko‘kka, yoqqan. But in words ending in g or g‘ neither the stem nor the suffix changes: geologga, bog‘ga.
Worked examples
Tara + -q = taroq (comb); to‘la + -v = to‘lov (payment); saqla + -vchi = saqlovchi (keeper).
Qazi + -vchi = qazuvchi (digger): the vowel i changed to u.
Class activity
Three groups: find five examples each on a→o, i→u and g/k/q suffixes and write them on the board.
Practice
1
How is «tara» + «-q» written? What changed?
Taroq: the vowel a changed to o.
2
Write «qazi» + «-vchi».
Qazuvchi.
3
How are «kel» + «-gan» and «yoq» + «-gan» written?
Kelgan, yoqqan.
4
Why is «geolog» + «-ga» written geologga?
After g, the stem and suffix are written unchanged.