64
Homonyms. Using homonyms in speech
Textbook: p. 115
GoalKnow homonyms and distinguish them from polysemantic words.
New words
homonym · omonimsame-form (homonym) · shakldoshpolysemantic word · ko‘p ma’noli so‘zfigurative meaning · ko‘chma ma’no
Explanation
Words that sound and are written the same but denote different, unrelated things or actions are called homonyms (same-form words). For example: tush (noon), tush (a dream), tush (to go down). A homonym must not be confused with a polysemantic word. In a polysemantic word the meanings of one word are connected, one is transferred from another: oyoq (a person’s leg) — oyoq (the leg of a table). In homonyms there is no link between the meanings: o‘t (grass) — o‘t (fire). Homonyms are used in word play, riddles and jokes.
Worked examples
Yoz — the season; yoz — the verb to write. They are homonyms.
Ko‘z (organ) and ko‘z (eye of a spring) — a polysemantic word, since the meaning is transferred.
Class activity
Divide the class in two: one side names a homonym, the other makes two sentences with it.
Practice
1
What are homonyms?
Words with the same sound and spelling but different meanings.
2
Make two sentences with «qo‘y» in two different meanings.
E.g. The sheep is grazing. Put the book on the table.
3
What is the difference between a homonym and a polysemantic word?
In a polysemantic word the meanings are connected; in homonyms they are completely different.
4
Name two meanings of «ot».
The animal (horse) and the verb «otmoq» (shoot!).