7
Meaning types of the adverb
Textbook: pp. 12–13
GoalDistinguish the meaning types of the adverb (manner, time, place, quantity-degree).
New words
adverb of manner · holat ravishiadverb of time · payt ravishiadverb of place · o‘rin ravishiadverb of degree · miqdor-daraja ravishi
Explanation
An adverb shows how, when, where and to what extent an action or quality happens. Adverbs of manner (tez, ohista, zo‘rg‘a, do‘stona) show how an action is done, of time (kecha, hozir, ertalab, boya) when, of place (uzoqda, yuqoriga, olg‘a) where, and of degree (juda, sal, ancha, g‘oyat) to what degree. An adverb mostly attaches to a verb or adjective and in a sentence often serves as hol (adverbial). Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives, so they are told apart by their function. There is also an adverb of purpose (e.g. ataylab).
Worked examples
“Bola ohista eshikni ochdi” — ohista is an adverb of manner (qanday?).
“Yuqorida bulutlar suzdi, juda sovuq edi” — yuqorida is place, juda is degree.
Class activity
Question chain: the teacher says a short sentence; a pupil finds the adverb and names its question and type.
Practice
1
Group: kecha, mardlarcha, uzoqda, g‘oyat, boya, tez.
Time: kecha, boya; manner: mardlarcha, tez; place: uzoqda; degree: g‘oyat.
2
Which questions does an adverb answer?
Qanday? qachon? qayerda? qancha?
3
Which type is sal in “Sal charchadim”?
Adverb of degree.
4
Why is tez a different class in “tez poyezd” and “tez yurdi”?
In the first it describes a noun (adjective), in the second the manner of action (adverb); class is decided by function.