11
Kinds of essay by topic and content
Textbook: p. 19
GoalDivide essays by topic and content into three kinds (literary, free-topic, scientific).
New words
literary essay · adabiy inshofree-topic essay · erkin mavzudagi inshoscientific essay · ilmiy inshoworldview · dunyoqarash
Explanation
By content, essays are divided into three kinds. In a literary essay the pupil gives his or her own view of a work or character studied in literature lessons. A free-topic essay is written on a topic outside the literature programme; it shows the author’s knowledge, outlook on life and reflections. A scientific essay explains a question of some science on the basis of facts and scientific evidence, with almost no figurative devices. Deciding which kind a topic belongs to is the first step in planning.
Worked examples
Literary: “The image of Zebi in Cho‘lpon’s novel Kecha va kunduz”.
Free-topic: “My favourite season”. Scientific: “Ways of using solar energy”.
Class activity
Topic market: each group writes three invented topics; another group sorts them into literary, free-topic and scientific.
Practice
1
Sort by kind: “Mening sevimli bayramim”, “Abdulla Qodiriy asarlarida Kumush”, “Yomg‘ir qanday hosil bo‘ladi?”
Free-topic (holiday); literary (Kumush); scientific (rain).
2
In which essay kind are figurative devices hardly used?
In the scientific essay.
3
What of the pupil is reflected in a free-topic essay?
Knowledge, moral and social views, reflections.
4
Why does a literary essay differ from merely retelling a work?
Because it must contain the pupil’s analysis and attitude, supported by sources.