62
Complete and incomplete sentences
Textbook: pp. 101–102
GoalDistinguish complete and incomplete sentences; restore omitted parts.
New words
complete sentence · to‘liq gapincomplete (elliptical) sentence · to‘liqsiz gapomission · tushirib qoldirishdialogue · dialog
Explanation
A sentence in which all the parts necessary for it are present is a complete sentence: “Akam kecha kutubxonaga bordi”. A sentence with an omitted part which is clear from the preceding sentence is an incomplete sentence. Incomplete sentences are most common in dialogue, proverbs and verse: “— Kim keldi? — Akam.”, “Yaxshidan bog‘ qoladi, yomondan — dog‘”. The omitted part of an incomplete sentence can be restored with the help of the previous sentence. Such sentences make speech compact, lively and expressive and avoid repetition.
Worked examples
Incomplete: “— Qayerga borasan? — Bozorga.” (boraman omitted). Restored: “Bozorga boraman.”
Within one sentence: “Ukam yetti yoshda, singlim besh.” In the second half “yoshda” is omitted but understood from the first.
Class activity
Restoring game: the teacher reads a dialogue; pupils name the omitted parts in the replies.
Practice
1
Turn “— What did you read today? — A poem.” into a complete sentence.
Bugun she’r o‘qidim.
2
Why is the incomplete sentence common in dialogue?
Because the question already shows the omitted part of the reply.
3
Compose three incomplete sentences from a dialogue.
E.g. — Kim? — Men. — Qachon? — Ertaga. — Qayerga? — Maktabga.
4
What is the difference between a complete and an incomplete sentence?
A complete sentence has all necessary parts; in an incomplete one some are omitted and understood from the previous.