Lessons 25–26 · 2 lessons · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
25
Sentence types by purpose of expression
Textbook: p. 41
GoalClassify sentences by purpose of expression (declarative, interrogative, imperative, optative).
In speech sentences serve four purposes: to report, to ask or find out, to command or urge, and to express a wish. By purpose of expression, declarative, interrogative, imperative and optative sentences are distinguished. A declarative sentence reports and usually ends with a full stop; an interrogative one ends with a question mark; an imperative one with a full stop or exclamation mark, and an optative one usually with a full stop or exclamation. The means that create these types are intonation, question words and particles (-mi, nima, qachon), and the imperative and optative mood forms of the predicate. One content can be said for different purposes: “Eshikni yop.” is a command, “Eshikni yopasanmi?” a question.
Worked examples
Declarative: “Bugun havo issiq.” Interrogative: “Bugun havo issiqmi?” Imperative: “Derazani oching.” Optative: “Qani endi, tezroq yoz kelsa edi.” (If only summer came sooner.)
“Sen ham kel!” — imperative (urging); “Sen ham kelarsan?” — interrogative; “Sen ham kelding.” — declarative.
Class activity
Type game: the teacher says one sentence in four purposes; pupils raise a card showing the type.
Practice
1
Name the sentence types by purpose of expression.
Declarative, interrogative, imperative, optative.
2
Name the type: “Kutubxonaga qachon boramiz?”, “Tezroq yur!”, “Kitob stol ustida turibdi.”
Interrogative; imperative; declarative.
3
Name two means that create these types.
Intonation and a question particle (or the mood of the predicate).
4
Why is “Soat nechada?” interrogative and not declarative?
Because it gives no information but asks in order to find out, and has a question word and mark.