The generalizing word and punctuation; a Qodirov text
Lessons 68–69 · 2 lessons · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
68
Generalizing word in sentences with homogeneous parts: intonation and punctuation
Textbook: pp. 113–115
GoalThe generalizing word and punctuation among homogeneous parts; non-homogeneous attribute and hol.
New words
generalizing word · umumlashtiruvchi so‘zcolon · ikki nuqtasemicolon · nuqtali vergulnon-homogeneous attribute · uyushmagan aniqlovchi
Explanation
A word that gathers homogeneous parts under one common name is called a generalising word. This role is often played by generalising pronouns (hamma, barcha, hammasi), negative pronouns, collective nouns and numerals, or a word combination. The generalising word performs the same sentence-part function as the homogeneous parts. If it comes before them, a colon is put after it: “Sinfda uch o‘quvchi: Ali, Vali va Sali qoldi”. If it comes after them, a dash is put before it: “Qalam, daftar, kitob — hammasi sumkada”. If homogeneous parts come in groups, the groups are separated by semicolons. Attributes or hols that come one after another but are said without enumerating intonation and without commas are non-homogeneous: “Kichkina yashil qush”, “Kecha kechqurun yomg‘ir yog‘di”.
Worked examples
Colon: “Sumkamda uchta narsa: kitob, qalam va daftar bor.” Dash: “Kitob, qalam, daftar — hammasi sumkamda.”
Non-homogeneous: “Katta qizil olma” (no comma; different features: size and colour). Homogeneous: “Shirin, mazali olma” (enumerating intonation, comma).
Class activity
Punctuation lottery: a card with a sentence with a generalizing word; the pupil puts the right mark (: or —).
Practice
1
Put the punctuation: Bog‘da har xil mevalar olma nok uzum pishgan.
Bog‘da har xil mevalar: olma, nok, uzum pishgan.
2
Put the punctuation: Olma nok uzum hammasi pishgan.
Olma, nok, uzum — hammasi pishgan.
3
Give an example of a non-homogeneous attribute and explain.
“Yangi qizil kitob”: the two show different features of the book; no comma between them.
4
Why is there no comma in “Bugun tushdan keyin boramiz”?
Bugun and tushdan keyin are non-homogeneous hols: there is no enumerating intonation.