Lessons 53–54 · 2 lessons · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
53
The object (to‘ldiruvchi)
Textbook: pp. 83–84
GoalThe definition of the object (to‘ldiruvchi), its questions, expression and kinds (direct and indirect).
The object is a secondary part linked by government to a part expressed by a verb; it shows at whom or what the action is directed, or with whom or what it is done. It answers case and postposition questions: kimni? nimani? kimga? nimaga? kimdan? nimadan? kimda? kim bilan? kim haqida? and so on. An object is expressed by a noun, pronoun or verbal noun, and by a nominalised adjective, numeral or participle. An object in the accusative case (with or without the suffix) is direct (vositasiz); one in other cases or with a postposition is indirect (vositali). To tell an object from a hol, look at its question: the object answers a case question, while the hol answers circumstance questions such as where? when? how?
Worked examples
Direct: “Men kitobni o‘qidim.” “Opam non yopdi” (unmarked accusative).
Indirect: “Ukamga qalam berdim.” “Do‘stim bilan sayr qildik.” “Ustoz haqida gapirdik.”
Class activity
Question drill: the teacher reads a sentence; pupils ask the right question to the object and say whether direct or indirect.
Practice
1
Find the objects in “Dilnoza do‘stiga xat yozdi”.
Do‘stiga — indirect (kimga?); xat — direct (unmarked accusative).
2
In which case is an object direct?
In the accusative case (marked or unmarked).
3
Add verbs to “kitob haqida”, “ota bilan”, “ona uchun” and make sentences.
E.g. Kitob haqida so‘zladik. Ota bilan gaplashdim. Ona uchun gul oldim.
4
How does the object differ from hol?
The object answers case questions (kimni? nimaga?) and attaches to the verb by government; hol answers circumstance questions (qayerda? qachon?).