6
Meaning types of the pronoun
Textbook: p. 11
GoalDistinguish the meaning types of the pronoun (personal, reflexive, demonstrative, interrogative, definite, indefinite, negative).
New words
personal pronoun · kishilik olmoshireflexive pronoun · o‘zlik olmoshigeneralizing pronoun · belgilash olmoshinegative pronoun · bo‘lishsizlik olmoshi
Explanation
A pronoun is used in place of a noun, adjective, numeral or adverb and does not name but only points to meaning. By meaning it falls into seven groups. Personal pronouns (men, sen, u, biz, siz, ular) denote a person; the reflexive “o‘z” shows return to the doer; demonstrative pronouns (bu, shu, o‘sha, ana) point to a thing; interrogative pronouns (kim, nima, qaysi, qachon) ask. Generalizing pronouns (hamma, barcha, har kim) include all, indefinite pronouns (kimdir, nimadir, qandaydir) express vagueness, and negative pronouns (hech kim, hech qachon) express negation. In a sentence a pronoun performs the function of the part it replaces.
Worked examples
“Hech kim shu haqda o‘ylamagan edi” — hech kim is a negative pronoun, shu a demonstrative pronoun.
“Kimdir eshikni taqillatdi, hamma jim bo‘ldi” — kimdir is indefinite, hamma a generalizing pronoun.
Class activity
Pronoun lotto: find the pronoun on your card and name its type; a correct answer wins the next card.
Practice
1
Group: o‘zim, qachon, hamma, allakim, hech qayer, biz.
Reflexive — o‘zim; interrogative — qachon; generalizing — hamma; indefinite — allakim; negative — hech qayer; personal — biz.
2
Which type is nimadir and why?
Indefinite: the suffix -dir gives vagueness.
3
Is the meaning of ular always definite? Explain with an example.
No: in “Ular bog‘da o‘ynadi” who they are is known from the previous sentence; the meaning depends on context.
4
From the interrogatives kim and qayer form negative pronouns.
Hech kim, hech qayer.