Lessons 74–75 · 2 lessons · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
74
The vocative (undalma)
Textbook: pp. 128–129
GoalThe notion of the address (undalma), its place in the sentence, homogeneity and whom it is addressed to.
A word or combination naming the person or thing the speaker is talking to is called an address (undalma). It enters into no grammatical connection with any part of the sentence and is said with a special calling intonation. It can come at the beginning, middle or end of the sentence: “Bolalar, jim bo‘ling”, “Siz, bolalar, jim bo‘ling”, “Jim bo‘ling, bolalar”. The address may be directed at a person, an animal or an inanimate thing (“Qaldirg‘och, qayerdan kelding?”, “Ey tog‘lar, salom!”). Addresses can also be homogeneous: “Aziz otalar, onalar, opa-singillar!” Do not confuse the address with the subject: the subject is a main part linked to the predicate, while the address is linked to no part; in a sentence with an address the subject is often not said and is known from the predicate.
Worked examples
At the beginning: “Dilnoza, bu yoqqa kel!” In the middle: “Bu yoqqa, Dilnoza, kel!” At the end: “Bu yoqqa kel, Dilnoza!”
To a lifeless thing: “Ey tong, nega shu qadar sovuqsan?” Homogeneous: “Aziz o‘quvchilar, ustozlar, ota-onalar, xush kelibsiz!”
Class activity
Appeal game: each pupil gives a classmate a task with a polite address (“Hurmatli Aziza, doskaga chiqing”).
Practice
1
Find the address in “Opajon, meni kutib turing”.
Opajon — the address.
2
State how the address differs from the subject.
The subject is linked to the predicate and is in the nominative; the address is linked to nothing and expresses an appeal.
3
Move the address to the middle: “Do‘stim, menga yordam ber”.
Menga, do‘stim, yordam ber.
4
Make a sentence with an address to a bird or a river.
E.g. Ey daryo, qayerga shoshilasan? Bulbul, qo‘shiq ayt!