Lessons 20–21 · 2 lessons · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
20
General idea of syntax. The word combination
Textbook: pp. 32–34
GoalKnow what syntax studies and the conditions for forming a word combination.
New words
syntax · sintaksissyntactic connection · sintaktik aloqaword combination · so‘z birikmasihead word · hokim so‘z
Explanation
Language units combine step by step: sounds form words and suffixes, and these form word combinations and sentences. The way words enter into connection with each other in a sentence is called syntactic connection, and the branch that studies these connections is syntax. Two or more independent words joining in meaning and grammar form a word combination. Four conditions are needed: the words are independent, their meanings fit each other, one depends on the other, and they are linked by a suffix, a postposition or word order. In a combination the dependent word explains the head word and usually comes before it. “Ukam uchun” is not a combination, because “uchun” is not an independent word.
Worked examples
“Yangi daftar”, “darsga kechikdi”, “tez yugurmoq” — word combinations: each has two independent words, a dependent and a head.
Wrong connection: “choy yemoq” does not agree in meaning; “Toshkentga yashayman” has a wrong suffix (should be Toshkentda).
Class activity
Combination builders: from given words (daryo, oqmoq, sokin, qush, uchmoq) make possible word combinations.
Practice
1
State the four conditions for a word combination.
At least two independent words; agreement in meaning; one subordinate to the other; linking by a suffix, a postposition or word order.
2
Which is a word combination: “qizil olma”, “men bilan”, “qalam uchun”?
“Qizil olma”; in the others the second word is not independent.
3
Is “eshik sinmoq” right? What about “oyna uzilmoq”?
The first is possible (meaning fits), the second does not fit in meaning.
4
Why is “ukamni daftari” a wrong combination?
Because the accusative suffix is used instead of the genitive; correct: “ukamning daftari”.