☰ Contents · Uzbek language

Syntax and the word combination

Lessons 20–21 · 2 lessons · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
20

General idea of syntax. The word combination

Textbook: pp. 32–34
GoalKnow what syntax studies and the conditions for forming a word combination.
New words
syntax · sintaksissyntactic connection · sintaktik aloqaword combination · so‘z birikmasihead word · hokim so‘z
Explanation

Language units combine step by step: sounds form words and suffixes, and these form word combinations and sentences. The way words enter into connection with each other in a sentence is called syntactic connection, and the branch that studies these connections is syntax. Two or more independent words joining in meaning and grammar form a word combination. Four conditions are needed: the words are independent, their meanings fit each other, one depends on the other, and they are linked by a suffix, a postposition or word order. In a combination the dependent word explains the head word and usually comes before it. “Ukam uchun” is not a combination, because “uchun” is not an independent word.

Worked examples
“Yangi daftar”, “darsga kechikdi”, “tez yugurmoq” — word combinations: each has two independent words, a dependent and a head.
Wrong connection: “choy yemoq” does not agree in meaning; “Toshkentga yashayman” has a wrong suffix (should be Toshkentda).
Class activity

Combination builders: from given words (daryo, oqmoq, sokin, qush, uchmoq) make possible word combinations.

Practice
1
State the four conditions for a word combination.
2
Which is a word combination: “qizil olma”, “men bilan”, “qalam uchun”?
3
Is “eshik sinmoq” right? What about “oyna uzilmoq”?
4
Why is “ukamni daftari” a wrong combination?