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Forming adverbs. Root and derived adverbs
Textbook: p. 178
GoalKnow adverb formation and tell root from derived adverbs.
New words
root adverb · tub ravishderived adverb · yasama ravishrepetition · takror
Explanation
Adverbs are root or derived. Adverbs with no word-forming suffix are root adverbs: tez (fast), sekin (slowly), juda (very), hozir (now), ko‘p (much), oz (little). Adverbs made of a base and a forming part are derived: kechalab (for nights), do‘stona (in a friendly way), tasodifan (by chance), o‘zbekcha (in Uzbek). Derived adverbs arise by adding a suffix, by pairing or repeating a base, or by joining two bases: birma-bir (one by one), erta-indin (tomorrow and the day after), katta-katta, bugun (today). By structure adverbs are simple, compound, paired or repeated.
Worked examples
Walk slowly, it is very early now.
The friendly talk started by chance.
Class activity
“Root or derived?”: the teacher names an adverb and children find the forming suffix.
Practice
1
What is a root adverb?
An adverb with no word-forming suffix.
2
Sort: tez, do‘stona, hozir, kechalab.
Root: tez, hozir; derived: do‘stona, kechalab.
3
In which ways are derived adverbs formed?
With a suffix, by pairing or repeating the base, by joining two bases.
4
Why is birma-bir a derived adverb?
Because it is formed by repeating the base (bir) with the link -ma-.