15
Word-building suffixes
Textbook: pp. 25–26
GoalBuild new words with word-building suffixes and explain the change of meaning.
New words
word-building suffix · so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimchaderived word · yasama so‘zplace-with-many suffix · -zordoer suffix · -chi
Explanation
Suffixes that are added to a stem and create a new meaning are called word-building suffixes. They can also change the word class. For example, -chi makes nouns (ish — ishchi, work — worker), -li makes adjectives (foyda — foydali, benefit — useful), -la makes verbs (taqsim — taqsimla, share — distribute), -iston makes place names (o‘zbek — O‘zbekiston), -zor shows an abundance in a place (bug‘doy — bug‘doyzor, wheat — wheat field). Some word-building elements go before the stem: ser-, be-, no-, ba- (sermahsul, bexabar, notanish, bamaslahat). The new word’s meaning depends on the stem’s meaning but differs from it.
Worked examples
gul + -zor = gulzor (flower bed); olcha + -zor = olchazor (cherry orchard); aql + -li = aqlli (clever); baxt + -siz = baxtsiz (unhappy).
ser- + hosil = serhosil (high-yielding); be- + xabar = bexabar (uninformed).
Class activity
“Suffix workshop”: the board shows -li, -siz, -chi, -zor, -dosh. Children take turns naming a stem and forming a new word.
Practice
1
Which suffix makes adjectives: -chi or -li?
-li (foydali, aqlli).
2
Make a place name from the stem o‘zbek.
O‘zbekiston (o‘zbek + -iston).
3
Add -li and -siz to baxt and give the meanings.
baxtli (happy, having luck), baxtsiz (unhappy, without luck).
4
Why is ser- in sermahsul counted as word-building?
It is added to the stem and gives a new meaning: rich in produce.