40
The adverbial participle
Textbook: p. 63
GoalKnow the definition of the adverbial participle and tell it from the adverb.
New words
adverbial participle · ravishdoshadverb · ravishfeature of an action · harakat belgisisuffix -(i)b · -(i)b
Explanation
The verb form specialized for the adverb is the adverbial participle. It is formed from verb stems with -(i)b, -a (-y), -gach, -guncha, -gancha, -gani (-gali): o‘qib, yozib, kelgach, borguncha. Since it expresses a feature of an action, it resembles the adverb: like an adverb it attaches to a verb and describes it. Compare: piyoda (adverb, on foot) keldi, shoshilib (adverbial participle, hurrying) keldi. As a verb form, it can take voice and negation forms: o‘qimay (without reading), yozdirib (having had written).
Worked examples
The child came running. The farmer spoke laughing.
He came on foot (adverb) — He came hurrying (adverbial participle).
Class activity
“How did he come?”: children make sentences with one verb plus various adverbs and adverbial participles (tez keldi, yugurib keldi).
Practice
1
What kind of verb form is the adverbial participle?
The verb form specialized for the adverb.
2
Find the adverbial participle: Qiz shoshilib ketdi.
Shoshilib.
3
Separate adverbs and adverbial participles: tez, o‘qib, sekin, kulib.
Adverbs: tez, sekin. Adverbial participles: o‘qib, kulib.
4
Why is shoshilib an adverbial participle while piyoda is an adverb?
Shoshilib is a form of the verb shoshilmoq; piyoda is an independent adverb, not made from a verb.