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Review: the verb
Textbook: pp. 187–188
GoalReview what we learned about the verb.
New words
verb · fe’lvoice · nisbattense · zamon
Explanation
The verb names an action or state and answers nima qildi? nima qilyapti? nima qiladi? (what did, is doing, will do?). Voices: active, reflexive (-(i)n), passive (-(i)l), causative (-t, -dir) and cooperative (-(i)sh). Functional forms: participle (-gan, -ayotgan, -adigan, -(a)r), adverbial participle (-(i)b, -a, -y, -gach, -guncha) and verbal noun (-(i)sh, -(u)v, -moq). Tenses: past (-di, -gan), present (-yap, -yotir, -moqda) and future (-a, -y, -(a)r). Moods: indicative, imperative-optative, conditional (-sa). Person-number endings come in two rows: -m, -ng, -k, -ngiz after -di and -sa; -man, -san, -miz, -siz after -gan, -(i)b, -a.
Worked examples
Dilnoza read the book and wrote it in a notebook.
If you write, the letter will travel far.
Class activity
“Verb race”: write one verb (yoz-) in all voice, tense and mood forms and use them in sentences.
Practice
1
List the voices of the verb with an example each.
Active: yozdi; reflexive: yuvindi; passive: yozildi; causative: yozdirdi; cooperative: yozishdi.
2
Name the tense: yozdi, yozyapman, yozaman.
Past; present; future.
3
Name the form: o‘qib in o‘qib keldi.
Adverbial participle (-(i)b).
4
Why is borsangiz conditional and boring imperative?
Borsangiz shows a condition with -sa; boring shows a command with -ing.