48
Verbs by structure. Simple verbs
Textbook: p. 78
GoalList the four structural types of verb and tell simple root verbs from simple derived verbs.
New words
simple verb · sodda fe’lroot verb · tub fe’lderived verb · yasama fe’lstructure · tuzilish
Explanation
By structure, verbs are of four kinds: simple, compound, paired and repeated. Simple verbs consist of one stem. Simple root verbs express an action or state in the bare stem: qurmoq (to build), yurmoq (to walk), ketmoq (to go), bilmoq (to know). Simple derived verbs are made from other word classes with word-building suffixes: shod — shodlanmoq (to rejoice), yangi — yangilamoq (to renew), gap — gapirmoq (to speak), guv — guvullamoq (to hum), tez — tezlamoq (to speed up). A simple verb may carry form suffixes such as voice or tense, but it still has just one stem: qurildi, yurishdi.
Worked examples
Root: bilmoq, ketmoq, yurmoq. Derived: eslamoq (to remember, from es + -la), yangilamoq (to renew).
Qurmoq — root; qurdirmoq — a voice form, still one stem.
Class activity
“Root or derived?”: children sort verb cards into two columns (bilmoq, eslamoq, qo‘ymoq, shodlanmoq, tezlamoq, yurmoq).
Practice
1
How many structural kinds of verb are there?
Four: simple, compound, paired, repeated.
2
Find the simple root verb: shodlanmoq, yurmoq, tezlamoq.
Yurmoq.
3
From which stem is gapirmoq formed?
Gap (gap + -ir).
4
Why is yangilamoq a simple derived verb?
It is made from one stem (yangi) with the word-building -la.