60
Future tense forms
Textbook: pp. 93–94
GoalForm future-tense forms and know their meanings.
New words
future tense · kelasi zamonfuture suffixes · -a, -ysuffix -(a)r · -(a)rsupposition · gumon
Explanation
Future-tense forms show that an action or state will occur after the moment of speaking. They are made by adding -a, -y, -(a)r and person-number suffixes to the verb stem. After a consonant we add -a, -ar; after a vowel -y, -r: boraman (I will go), o‘qiyman (I will read), borar, o‘qir. In the negative, -y or -s follows -ma: bormayman, bormas. The -(a)r form expresses the future as a supposition or guess: u kelar (he will probably come). These forms sometimes also express a permanent action valid for all three times: Akam kollejda o‘qiydi (My brother studies at college).
Worked examples
Tomorrow the farmers will pick cotton. I will read a book.
It will probably rain. This road is not near; he will probably not come.
Class activity
“What will I do tomorrow?”: children tell tomorrow’s plan in the future tense (Men ertaga kutubxonaga boraman).
Practice
1
Name the future-tense suffixes.
-a, -y, -(a)r.
2
Write bormoq and o‘qimoq in the future, 1st person singular.
boraman, o‘qiyman.
3
Write the negative of keladi.
kelmaydi (or kelmas).
4
Why does the future form express a permanent action in “Akam kollejda o‘qiydi”?
The future form can also express a permanent action valid for all three times.