64
Use and meanings of 2nd-person imperative suffixes
Textbook: p. 99
GoalUse the 2nd-person imperative suffixes correctly.
New words
command · buyruqrequest · iltimosemphasis suffix · -ginrespect, polite form · hurmat
Explanation
The part of the verb without tense and person-number suffixes expresses the imperative in the 2nd person singular: bor, yoz, o‘qi. To strengthen the command, -gin (-kin, -qin) can be added, so the two forms are synonyms: bor — borgin, yoz — yozgin, ket — ketkin, chiq — chiqqin. In polite address we use -(i)ng: boring, yozing, o‘qing (-ng after a vowel). The plural is -(i)nglar: boringlar, o‘qinglar. Negation uses -ma: bormagin, bormang, bormanglar.
Worked examples
Write! Do write! Please write (polite)! Write (plural)!
Do not lie! Please do not lie (polite)!
Class activity
“Politely”: children say one command three ways (Sen — yoz, Siz — yozing, Sizlar — yozinglar) and explain when each is used.
Practice
1
Write the 2nd-person commands for kel and o‘qi (polite and plural).
kel — keling — kelinglar; o‘qi — o‘qing — o‘qinglar.
2
Which form is synonymous with bor: borgin or boring?
borgin
3
Write the negative commands of yozmoq.
yozma (yozmagin), yozmang, yozmanglar.
4
Why do we say “Yozing” when addressing elders?
The suffix -(i)ng gives the meaning of respect.