44
Auxiliary verbs
Textbook: pp. 69–70
GoalTell an auxiliary verb from an independent verb and find the leading verb.
New words
auxiliary verb · ko‘makchi fe’lleading verb · yetakchi fe’lto begin · boshlamoqto send off; auxiliary of quick action · yubormoq
Explanation
Verbs that attach to the -a (-y) or -(i)b form of an adverbial participle, have lost their independent meaning and show the stage (beginning, continuing, completion) or manner (speed, possibility) of the action are auxiliary verbs: boshlamoq, olmoq, yubormoq, turmoq, chiqmoq, yotmoq. The adverbial participle that takes an auxiliary is the leading verb. An auxiliary is used only together with a leading verb, which distinguishes it from independent verbs: xatni olmoq (to take a letter), o‘rnidan turmoq (to get up), qog‘oz tashlamoq (to throw paper) are independent verbs that keep their own meaning.
Worked examples
The child began to write. (yoza — leading, boshladi — auxiliary)
He took the letter (independent). He was able to write (auxiliary: possibility).
Class activity
“Independent or auxiliary?”: the teacher says a sentence and children decide whether olmoq, turmoq, tashlamoq is used in its own meaning or not.
Practice
1
What is an auxiliary verb?
A verb attached to an adverbial participle that has lost its own meaning and shows the stage or manner of the action.
2
Find the leading and auxiliary verbs: U kitobni o‘qib chiqdi.
Leading — o‘qib; auxiliary — chiqdi.
3
In which sentence is turdi an auxiliary: “U o‘rnidan turdi” or “U o‘ylab turdi”?
In “U o‘ylab turdi” (continuing); in the first it is an independent verb.
4
Why is an auxiliary verb not used alone?
Because it has lost its own meaning and only adds an extra meaning to the leading verb.