118
The adverb
Textbook: pp. 176–177
GoalKnow the meaning and questions of the adverb.
New words
adverb · ravishaction · harakatwhen? · qachon?
Explanation
Words that show how, when, where or to what degree an action or state is done are adverbs. An adverb answers qanday? (how?) qachon? (when?) qayer(ga, da, dan)? (where?) qancha? (how much?). In tez yuguradi (runs fast), ertaga boradi (will go tomorrow), ichkarida o‘tiradi (sits inside) and ko‘p o‘qiydi (reads a lot), tez, ertaga, ichkarida, ko‘p are adverbs. An adverb mainly joins a verb and names its attribute; sometimes it joins an adjective or another adverb: juda chiroyli (very beautiful), ancha tez (rather fast). An adverb is an invariable word class: it takes no possessive, case or plural suffixes.
Worked examples
The child runs fast and will come again tomorrow.
The woman sat silently inside.
Class activity
“How? When? Where?”: pick a verb (o‘qiydi, yuradi) and add adverbs answering three different questions.
Practice
1
Which questions does an adverb answer?
Qanday? qachon? qayer? qancha?
2
Find the adverbs: tez yuguradi, katta uy, ertaga keldi.
Tez, ertaga.
3
In which is tez an adjective and in which an adverb: tez poyezd, tez yuradi?
Tez poyezd — adjective (defines a noun); tez yuradi — adverb (defines a verb).
4
Why is the adverb called an invariable class?
Because it takes no possessive, case or plural suffixes.