56
Forming the past tense
Textbook: p. 89
GoalAdd the person-number suffixes to past-tense forms correctly.
New words
person-number suffix · shaxs-son qo‘shimchasiI stayed · qoldimyou have apparently come · kelibsizI have come · kelganman
Explanation
The past form with -di expresses an action the speaker saw. It takes the person-number suffixes -m, -k (qoldim, qoldik) and -ng, -ngiz (qolding, qoldingiz); in the 3rd person there is no suffix (qoldi), plural -lar (qoldilar). The form with -(i)b expresses an earlier event known by hearsay; it is followed by -man, -miz, -san, -siz, -di (-lar): kelibman, kelibmiz, kelibsan, kelibsiz, kelibdi. The form with -gan shows the action was done earlier and takes -man, -miz, -san, -siz: kelganman, kelganmiz, kelgansan, kelgansiz. In spelling -di is always written with d: ketdi (pronounced “ketti”), chiqdi.
Worked examples
keldim, kelding, keldi, keldik, keldingiz, keldilar (I, you, he, we, you [polite], they came).
kelibman, kelibsan, kelibdi; kelganman, kelgansiz.
Class activity
“Change the person”: the teacher names a person (biz, sen, siz) and children put the verb ketmoq into the past for that person.
Practice
1
Write bormoq in the -di form for the singular persons.
bordim, bording, bordi.
2
Write the -(i)b form of yozmoq for 1st and 2nd person singular.
yozibman, yozibsan.
3
Write the -gan form of o‘qimoq in the plural.
o‘qiganmiz, o‘qigansiz, o‘qiganlar.
4
Why is ketdi written with d though it sounds like “ketti”?
Spelling rule: the suffix -di is always written with d, though after a voiceless consonant it may be pronounced like t.