11
Introduction to morphology
Textbook: p. 20
GoalKnow what morphology studies and tell a word’s naming meaning from its grammatical meanings.
New words
morphology · morfologiyanaming (lexical) meaning · atash ma’nosigrammatical meaning · grammatik ma’nogrammatical form · grammatik shakl
Explanation
Lexicology studies a word’s naming, that is lexical, meaning: the way a word names an object, quality or action. But besides its naming meaning, a word also has grammatical meaning. In olmalarni, “the fruit of the apple tree” is the naming meaning, while “plural” (-lar) and “accusative case” (-ni) are grammatical meanings. The means that express grammatical meanings are called grammatical forms. The branch that studies the grammatical meanings of words and the forms expressing them is morphology. The word comes from Greek morphe, “form”, and logos, “teaching”.
Worked examples
olmalarni: naming meaning — apple; grammatical meaning — plural (-lar), accusative case (-ni).
Lexicology studies a word’s meaning; morphology studies a word’s forms.
Class activity
“Meaning boxes”: a word (kitoblarimiz) is written on the board; children write its naming meaning in one colour and its grammatical meanings in another.
Practice
1
Which side of a word does morphology study?
Its grammatical meaning and the forms expressing it.
2
From which language does the word morphology come and what does it mean?
From Greek: morphe — form, logos — teaching; “the teaching about forms”.
3
Give the naming and grammatical meaning of daftarlar.
Naming meaning — a notebook for writing; grammatical meaning — plural (-lar).
4
Why are lexicology and morphology connected?
Both study the word: one its naming meaning, the other its grammatical meaning and form.