14
Classification of suffixes
Textbook: p. 24
GoalSort suffixes into word-building and form-building types.
New words
word-building suffix · so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimchaform-building suffix · shakl yasovchi qo‘shimchanew word · yangi so‘zplural · ko‘plik
Explanation
By function there are two types of suffix. Word-building suffixes make a new word with a new meaning from a stem: oq + -la = oqla (to whiten), gul + -chi = gulchi (flower grower). Form-building suffixes do not create a new word; they change the word’s form, adding extra meaning or linking it to another word: gul + -lar = gullar (more than one). An easy test for a word-building suffix: could the result be a separate dictionary entry? Gulchi is its own word, while gullar is just a form of gul.
Worked examples
Word-building: bog‘ + -bon = bog‘bon (gardener); foyda + -li = foydali (useful).
Form-building: maktab + -ga = maktabga (to school); kitob + -im = kitobim (my book).
Class activity
“Two baskets”: children sort cards of words with suffixes into a “new word” basket and a “form” basket.
Practice
1
Find the word-building suffix: -lar, -chi, -ni.
-chi
2
Explain the difference between the suffixes in gullar and gulchi.
-lar forms a form (plural); -chi builds a new word (flower grower).
3
Which words are derived: bog‘bon, bog‘ga, bog‘lar, bog‘zor?
Bog‘bon and bog‘zor.
4
Why does the suffix -ga not build a new word?
It does not change the word’s meaning, but only links it to another word (a case form).