13
Stem and suffixes
Textbook: p. 23
GoalExplain the difference between stem and suffix and find words with a common stem.
New words
stem · asossuffix · qo‘shimchaindependent use · mustaqil qo‘llanishwords with a common stem · asosdosh so‘zlar
Explanation
The part of a word that expresses its main meaning and can be used independently is the stem. The part that cannot be used independently, that is added to a stem to give a new or additional meaning, or that links words, is a suffix. In mevazor, mevali, mevaning, mevalarni, meva (fruit) is the stem and can stand alone; -zor, -li, -ning, -lar, -ni are suffixes and cannot be used alone. Words with a common stem are called words of the same stem: tashvishli, sertashvish, tashvishlanmoq (all from tashvish, worry).
Worked examples
mevazor (orchard) — meva + -zor (a place with many fruits); mevali (fruit-bearing) — meva + -li.
Words with a common stem: yog‘ (oil), yog‘li (oily), yog‘siz (oil-free), yog‘la (oil it), seryog‘ (rich in oil).
Class activity
“Most words”: two groups build words from the stem suv (water): suvchi, suvli, suvsiz, suvla... The group with the most wins.
Practice
1
Which part can be used independently: stem or suffix?
The stem.
2
Separate the stem and suffixes in mevalarni.
meva (stem) + -lar + -ni.
3
Make four words from the stem gul.
For example: gulzor (flower bed), gulchi (flower grower), guldor (flowered), gulli (flowery), gullar (flowers).
4
Why can the suffixes -zor and -li not be used as separate words?
Because a suffix cannot be used independently; it gives meaning only when added to a stem.