12
The structure of a word
Textbook: pp. 21–22
GoalBreak a word into its stem and suffixes.
New words
word structure · so‘z tarkibistem · asossuffix · qo‘shimchameaningful part · ma’noli qism
Explanation
A word is made of meaningful parts. The structure of a word consists of a stem and suffixes. In ishchi, ishla, ishsiz, ishga the common part is ish (work). The other parts (-chi, -la, -siz, -ga) are added to the meaning of ish. To find the structure of a word we first separate the suffixes, then find what remains: the stem. A word may also have no suffix: kitob, uy, daraxt.
Worked examples
ishchi (worker) = ish + -chi; ishsiz (jobless) = ish + -siz; ishga (to the job) = ish + -ga.
do‘stlarimizni (our friends, accusative) = do‘st + -lar + -imiz + -ni.
Class activity
“Split it up”: children break the words on cards (gulzor, bog‘bon, kitoblar, maktabdan) into parts and name the stem.
Practice
1
What does the structure of a word consist of?
A stem and suffixes.
2
Break suvchi into parts.
suv + -chi
3
Give the stem and suffixes of kitoblarimizda.
kitob + -lar + -imiz + -da; the stem is kitob.
4
Why are ishchi, ishla and ishsiz related to one another?
Because they are all formed from the same stem (ish).